{"id":265533,"date":"2025-05-31T16:10:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-31T16:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/som2nynetwork.com\/anthropology\/ancient-dna-tracks-the-rise-and-fall-of-classic-maya-copan\/"},"modified":"2025-05-31T16:10:12","modified_gmt":"2025-05-31T16:10:12","slug":"ancient-dna-tracks-the-rise-and-fall-of-classic-maya-copan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/som2nynetwork.com\/?p=265533","title":{"rendered":"Ancient DNA Tracks the Rise and Fall of Classic Maya Cop\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p>Deep in the fertile Cop\u00e1n Valley of western Honduras, beneath layers of stone and time, lies the memory of a once-thriving Maya city-state. Cop\u00e1n was a ceremonial and political powerhouse at the southern edge of the Maya world\u2014an outpost that bore witness to centuries of cultural fusion, dynastic ambition, and eventual collapse.<\/p>\n<p><span>Now, the bones of its former inhabitants are speaking again. In a new study published in <\/span><em><span>Current Biology<\/span><\/em><span>, an international team of researchers led by geneticist Shigeki Nakagome and archaeologist Mary E. Murray has extracted and sequenced ancient DNA from seven individuals buried within the city. Their findings add genetic clarity to the story of Cop\u00e1n\u2019s rise and fall\u2014one shaped by migration, political power, and resilience amid societal upheaval.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cWe found strong evidence for genetic continuity in the Cop\u00e1n Valley,\u201d<\/em><span> said Lucia M. Cassidy, a co-author on the study. <\/span><em>\u201cBut also clear signs of mobility, likely tied to political and cultural shifts during the Classic period.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The individuals analyzed in the study came from two major archaeological projects\u2014PICPAC and PROARCO\u2014which excavated burials from both elite and non-elite structures. One was likely royal: interred in a richly furnished tomb, the individual bore genetic and material markers of high status, potentially even of dynastic descent. Another, buried nearby with no indicators of wealth, may have been a sacrificial victim.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cThese contrasting burials\u2014royal and sacrificial\u2014provide a vivid glimpse into the social complexity of Classic Cop\u00e1n,\u201d<\/em><span> said Dr. Nakamura, a co-author from Kyoto University.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Using DNA extracted from the petrous portion of the skull\u2014known for preserving ancient genetic material\u2014the team compared the Cop\u00e1n genomes to both modern and ancient individuals across the Americas. Their findings revealed that most of the genetic ancestry at Cop\u00e1n can be traced back to local populations who had been in the region since at least the Late Archaic period (roughly 5,600 to 3,700 years ago).<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg\" data-component-name=\"Image2ToDOM\" rel=\"\" class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg\" width=\"1280\" height=\"1173\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/d1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1173,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:164382,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.anthropology.net\/i\/164872098?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null}\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1a763a7-3bf2-4380-b4a7-65644294d625_1280x1173.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"sizing-normal\"\/><\/picture><\/div>\n<p><\/a><figcaption class=\"image-caption\"><span>Genomic profiles of the Classic Cop\u00e1n in the context of ancient and present-day American populations. Credit: <\/span><em>Current Biology<\/em><span> (2025). DOI: 10.1016\/j.cub.2025.05.002<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>But there was also something else: a subtle but significant gene flow from highland Mexico, estimated at around 6%. This genetic signal aligns well with archaeological theories that suggest Cop\u00e1n\u2019s founding elite may have migrated into the region and mingled with local groups\u2014particularly around the time the city\u2019s first king, K\u2019inich Yax K\u2019uk\u2019 Mo\u2019, assumed power in the early 5th century CE.<\/p>\n<p>The Classic Maya period\u2014roughly 250 to 900 CE\u2014was a time of monument-building, astronomical precision, and elite rivalry. But by the 9th century, something changed. Droughts, political fractures, and economic instability swept through the region, leading to the widespread decline of many city-states.<\/p>\n<div class=\"captioned-image-container\">\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg\" data-component-name=\"Image2ToDOM\" rel=\"\" class=\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"image2-inset\"><picture><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"100vw\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg\" width=\"1456\" height=\"1022\" data-attrs=\"{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com\/public\/images\/b93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1022,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:121864,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image\/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.anthropology.net\/i\/164872098?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null}\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 424w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 848w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 1272w, https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb93c12a6-7488-4d44-be1f-c380d0ac8be8_1658x1164.jpeg 1456w\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"sizing-normal\"\/><\/picture><\/div>\n<p><\/a><figcaption class=\"image-caption\"><span>Genetic ancestry of ancient and present-day Maya populations. Credit: <\/span><em>Current Biology<\/em><span> (2025). DOI: 10.1016\/j.cub.2025.05.002<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>At Cop\u00e1n, the genomic data tells a parallel story. The researchers observed a marked decrease in genetic diversity starting around 1,200 years ago, likely due to population decline. This fits the broader narrative of the Maya collapse\u2014an unraveling that was not uniform, but regionally nuanced.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cThe population didn\u2019t disappear entirely,\u201d<\/em><span> said Dr. Nakagome, <\/span><em>\u201cbut there was a demographic bottleneck that left a clear genetic signature.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Interestingly, despite the collapse of dynastic rule and urban life, the local ancestry of the region remained remarkably consistent. The genomes from Cop\u00e1n show clear continuity with modern Maya-speaking communities in Mexico and Central America, suggesting that cultural resilience persisted even after political systems failed.<\/p>\n<p>Cop\u00e1n\u2019s location near the southern frontier of the Maya cultural zone made it a place of connection. Its inscriptions show influence from central Mexico; its architecture references Tikal and Teotihuacan. And now, genetic evidence underscores that this flow of ideas and power also moved through people\u2019s bodies.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cCop\u00e1n wasn\u2019t an isolated city\u2014it was part of a network of movement and integration,\u201d<\/em><span> said Dr. Cassidy. <\/span><em>\u201cThe DNA confirms what archaeologists have long suspected about its role as a cultural and biological crossroads.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The Cop\u00e1n genomes add to a growing database of ancient DNA from Mesoamerica. Until recently, most genetic studies focused on the highland Maya or Postclassic individuals. This study is one of the first to provide direct evidence from the Classic period itself, helping researchers trace population dynamics at the heart of Maya state formation and decline.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>\u201cThis kind of data allows us to bridge gaps between archaeology, oral tradition, and biological history,\u201d<\/em><span> said Dr. Murray. <\/span><em>\u201cWe can now begin to see how power, identity, and ancestry were negotiated over generations.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The work also reflects a wider effort to understand how political shifts ripple through biological populations. Even in collapse, the people of Cop\u00e1n adapted. Their descendants survived, their languages endured, and their genetic legacy continues to circulate across Mesoamerica.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><span>Kennett, D. J., et al. (2022). A demographic shift in Classic Maya society: New paleogenomic insights. <\/span><em>Nature Communications<\/em><span>, 13(1), 2278.<\/span><br \/><span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29734-w<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Moreno-Mayar, J. V., et al. (2018). Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans. <\/span><em>Nature<\/em><span>, 553, 203\u2013207.<\/span><br \/><span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25173<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Guzm\u00e1n-Salda\u00f1a, R., et al. (2021). Ancient genomes reveal early population structure of the Central Andes. <\/span><em>Cell<\/em><span>, 184(6), 1242\u20131255.e17.<\/span><br \/><span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.046<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span>Wang, T., et al. (2025). Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers. <\/span><em>Science<\/em><span>, 388(6750).<\/span><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adq9792\" rel=\"\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adq9792<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deep in the fertile Cop\u00e1n Valley of western Honduras, beneath layers of stone and time, lies the memory of a once-thriving Maya city-state. Cop\u00e1n was a ceremonial and political powerhouse at the southern edge of the Maya world\u2014an outpost that bore witness to centuries of cultural fusion, dynastic ambition, and eventual collapse. Now, the bones [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":265534,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11767],"tags":[12656,214,95063,19482,6235,7864,6234,20762],"dealstore":[],"offerexpiration":[],"class_list":["post-265533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-ancient","tag-classic","tag-copan","tag-dna","tag-fall","tag-maya","tag-rise","tag-tracks"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ancient DNA Tracks the Rise and Fall of Classic Maya Cop\u00e1n - Som2ny Network<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/som2nynetwork.com\/?p=265533\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient DNA Tracks the Rise and Fall of Classic Maya Cop\u00e1n - Som2ny Network\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deep in the fertile Cop\u00e1n Valley of western Honduras, beneath layers of stone and time, lies the memory of a once-thriving Maya city-state. Cop\u00e1n was a ceremonial and political powerhouse at the southern edge of the Maya world\u2014an outpost that bore witness to centuries of cultural fusion, dynastic ambition, and eventual collapse. 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